1,863
3
Essay, 5 pages (1300 words)

Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing

Editorial on the Research Topic
Plant Disease Management in the Post-genomic Era: From Functional Genomics to Genome Editing

The growing world population requires an efficient management and control of diseases in crop production to guarantee both food security and safety ( FAO, 2018 ; Sarrocco and Vannacci, 2018 ). The development of the so called NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) techniques has been positively welcomed as a new tool for understanding the nature of plant diseases, even if the potential for their use has not yet been fully discovered.

This Research Topic arises from the idea to give an updated and exhaustive overview of the exploitation of genome sequencing, genome comparison, transcriptomics, metagenomics, RNA based technologies, and genome editing strategies as a new frontier to contribute to plant disease management.

The knowledge of the complex relationship occurring among plants, pathogens, the environment and, eventually, beneficial organisms, is now increasing thanks to the ecological application of genomics (ecogenomics), both at single strain and at community level ( Martin, 2014 ). Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics can be of help to describe the whole microbial community not only in terms of its ecology, but also to detect that fraction of the microbiome that, modulating the activity of plant pathogens in favor of the plant host, could be developed (as single isolate or in consortia) as biopesticides. Cobo-Díaz et al. used a concurrence culture-independent metabarcoding approach to characterize the microbial communities associated to the incidence and composition of Fusarium spp. on maize stalk and other bacterial and fungal genera, using co-occurrence network analysis. Such approach could be a useful tool as part of a screening strategy for novel antagonist candidates against toxigenic Fusarium spp.

The wide range of beneficial microorganisms does not only include those isolates directly interacting with harmful pathogens but also consists of endophytes that, thanks to their mutualistic relationship with the host, can increase plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Pereira et al. grouped into operational taxonomic units (OTU) ITS sequences amplified from culturable fungi associated to Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa (FRP) roots thus demonstrating a set of seven species. These seem to be the components of the core mycobiome of FRP and include very promising candidates in the adaptation of FRP plants to salinity, a characteristic stress factor of their habitat. Indeed a Diaporthe strain could help ryegrass ( Lolium ) to adapt to high salinity. The genome of bacterial endophyte Paraburkholderia phytofirmans was extensively studied by Esmaeel et al. , allowing the identification of all gene clusters which contribute to the adaptive mechanisms under different environmental conditions and explaining the high ecological competence of this microorganism, able to promote plant growth and to induce resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses.

The number of fully-sequenced and released genomes is increasing rapidly. This genomics “ revolution” gave an important contribution in plant pathology, rapidly increasing our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underpinning pathogenesis, resistance and the mode of action of beneficial microorganisms ( Klosterman et al., 2016 ). Firrao et al. , through the analysis of Illumina sequence data-sets of 11 European and one non-European Peudomonas syringae pv. actinidia (Psa) genomes, gave a picture of the significant differences in the genome evolution of this bacterium before and after a clonal expansion, thus furnishing information of great value for epidemic management. In the same way, the genome-wide analysis of the plant pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum and Xantomonas oryzae pv. oryzae , performed by Cho et al. , and Doucouré et al. , respectively, will have important effect in the sustainable deployment of broad-spectrum and durable resistance to these serious pathogens.

FAO IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. (2018). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018. Building Climate Resilience for Food Security and Nutrition . Rome: FAO.

Klosterman, S. J., Rollins, J. R., Sudarshana, M. R., and Vinatzer, B. A. (2016). Disease management in the genomics era: summaries of focus issue papers. Phytopathology 106, 1068–1070. doi: 10. 1094/PHYTO-07-16-0276-FI

Koch, A., Kumar, N., Weber, L., Keller, H., Imani, J., and Kogel, K.-H. (2013). Host-induced gene silencing of cytochrome P450 lanosterol C14α-demethylase–encoding genes confers strong resistance to Fusarium species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110, 19324–19329. doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 1306373110

Martin, F., (ed.). (2014). The Ecological Genomics of Fungi. John Wiley and Sons Inc., 385.

Nødvig, C. S., Hoof, J. B., Kogle, M. E., Jarczynska, Z. D., Lehmbeck, J., Klitgaard, D. K., et al. (2018). Efficient oligonucleotide mediated CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in Aspergilli. Fung. Gen. Biol. 115, 78–89. doi: 10. 1016/j. fgb. 2018. 01. 004

Sarrocco, S., and Vannacci, G. (2018). Preharvest application of beneficial fungi as a strategy to prevent postharvest mycotoxin contamination: a review. Crop Prot. 110, 160–170. doi: 10. 1016/j. cropro. 2017. 11. 013

Thank's for Your Vote!
Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing. Page 1
Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing. Page 2
Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing. Page 3
Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing. Page 4
Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing. Page 5

This work, titled "Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing" was written and willingly shared by a fellow student. This sample can be utilized as a research and reference resource to aid in the writing of your own work. Any use of the work that does not include an appropriate citation is banned.

If you are the owner of this work and don’t want it to be published on AssignBuster, request its removal.

Request Removal
Cite this Essay

References

AssignBuster. (2022) 'Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing'. 4 October.

Reference

AssignBuster. (2022, October 4). Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing. Retrieved from https://assignbuster.com/editorial-plant-disease-management-in-the-post-genomic-era-from-functional-genomics-to-genome-editing/

References

AssignBuster. 2022. "Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing." October 4, 2022. https://assignbuster.com/editorial-plant-disease-management-in-the-post-genomic-era-from-functional-genomics-to-genome-editing/.

1. AssignBuster. "Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing." October 4, 2022. https://assignbuster.com/editorial-plant-disease-management-in-the-post-genomic-era-from-functional-genomics-to-genome-editing/.


Bibliography


AssignBuster. "Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing." October 4, 2022. https://assignbuster.com/editorial-plant-disease-management-in-the-post-genomic-era-from-functional-genomics-to-genome-editing/.

Work Cited

"Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing." AssignBuster, 4 Oct. 2022, assignbuster.com/editorial-plant-disease-management-in-the-post-genomic-era-from-functional-genomics-to-genome-editing/.

Get in Touch

Please, let us know if you have any ideas on improving Editorial: plant disease management in the post-genomic era: from functional genomics to genome editing, or our service. We will be happy to hear what you think: [email protected]