Internet backbonea collection of large national and international networks, most of which are owned by commercial, educational, or government organizations; they have the fastest high speed connections; examples are Verizon, AT&T, and Sprint
ISPinternet service providers
IXPinternet exchange point; typical ones is made up of one or more network switches to which ISP’s connect
POPpoint of presence; a bank of modems, servers, routers, and switches through which many users can connect to an ISP simultaneously
Client/server modelmajority of internet communications; clients are devices such as computers, tablets, and smartphones that use browsers to request services such as web pages; servers are deployed on the networks that make up the Internet
Protocolset of rules for exchanging electronic information; rules of the road
Circuit switchinga dedicated connection remains active for the duration of the transmission; been used since the early days of the telephone for establishing communication; connections remains active for duration of transmission and is important when order of receiving information is critical
Packet switchingthe communications methodology that makes computer communication efficient; does not require a dedicated communications circuit to be maintained; data is broken into smaller chunks called packets
What information does a packet containthey vary, depending on the protocol being followed, but at a minimum, they must contain an address to which the packet is being sent, the address from where the packet originates, reassembly instructions, if the original data is split between packets, and that data that is being transmitted
TCP/IPtransmission control protocol/internet protocol that consists of many interrelated protocols; the IP is responsible for sending the information from one computer to another, the TCP prepares data for transmission and provides for error checking and resending lost data
HTTPhypertext transfer protocol was created especially for the transfer of hypertext documents across the internet; hypertext documents have text is linked to other documents or media
FTP
SMTPsimple mail transfer protocol is responsible for sending emails along the internet to its destination; it is part of the internet protocol suite, is a client/server application, passes through several email servers; was designed to handle text messages
DHCPdynamic host configuration protocol, it belongs to the TCP/IP protocol suite. which takes a pool of IP addresses and shares them with hosts of the network of an as needed basis server assigns each user an ip address for the duration of the session; it also assigns an IP address to your computer
15. Dynamic addressingIP address is temporarily assigned from an available pool of IP addresses, which is more common; is normally handles by the DHCP which belongs to the TCPIP; provides a more secure environment by keeping hackers out of computer systems
16. Static addressingmeans that the IP address for a computer never changes and is pst likely assigned manually by a network administrator or an ISP
17. How does my computer know the IP address of another computer?
18. DNS serverdomain name server that functions like a phone book for the internet
19. Root DNS serverknows locations of DNS servers that contain master listings for TLD
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