Introduction of the independant & independant variables

Independent and Dependent Variables Independent and Dependent Variables The quantitative telephone survey of 968 convenience-sampled individuals assessed homeownership, occupation, educational attainment, and income, as they relate to PCS, HAQ, and CDC HRQOL scores. Findings revealed that lower individual/household (P < 0. 01) and community SES measures are linked to poorer physical health outcomes, and income, specifically 2 risk factors, and 24% had > 4 (Larson et al., 2008). The quantitative questionnaire-based survey administered to 8, 206 individuals aged 50 and above through non-probability sampling assessed the health status, quality of life, and well-being of older people in rural Tanzania. Findings revealed that among people aged 50 and over, having good quality of life and health status was significantly associated with being male, married and not being among the oldest old, and that increase in age increased the difficulty in performing routine activities, particularly in women (odds ratio 1. 31; P >. 001, 95% CI 1. 15-1. 50) (Mwanyangala et al, 2010). The cohort study of 2, 631 low-income children in 20 large U. S. cities obtained through FFS mother survey data, medical records, and in-home longitudinal study assessed the independent influences of homelessness and doubled-up
episodes on the children’s physical and mental health, cognitive development, and health care use. Findings revealed that 9. 8% of the children experienced homelessness, and 23. 6% experienced doubled-up episode, but that housing status had little significant adverse effect on child physical or mental health, cognitive development, or health care use (Park, Fertig, & Allison, 2011).

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