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Medical terminology – chapter 1

AdenitisInflammation of the gland.

AdenomaTumor of a gland.

AdenopathyA disease condition of a gland (often enlargement) of a gland.

AnemiaDecrease of hemoglobin in the blood, caused by low red blood cell production, loss of blood, or increase of red blood cell destruction.

ArthralgiaPain of a joint.

ArthritisInflammation of a joint.

AutopsyExamination of a body after death (postmortem) to determine the cause of death.

BiologyStudy of life (living organisms).

BiopsyProcess of reviewing a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination.

CarcinogenicPertaining to producing cancer.

CarcinomaCancerous or malignant tumor.

CardiacPertaining to the heart.

CardiologyStudy of the heart.

CephalicPertaining to the head.

CerebralPertaining to the cerebrum (largest part of the brain).

CystitisInflammation of the urinary bladder.

CystoscopyVisual examination of the urinary bladder.

CytologyStudy of cells.

DermatitisInflammation of the skin.

DermatologyStudy of the skin.

DiagnosisComplete knowledge of a patient’s condition.

ElectrocardiogramRecord of the electricity within the heart.

ElectroencephalogramRecord of the electricity within the brain.

Endocrine GlandsGlands that secrete hormones within the body, directly into the bloodstream.

EndocrinologistSpecialist in the study of the endocrine glands.

EndocrinologyStudy of the endocrine glands.

EndoscopeInstrument to visually examine within the body.

EndoscopyProcess of visual examination within the body.

EnteritisInflammation of the small intestine.

EnteropathyDisease condition of the intestines, often the small intestine.

EpidermisThe outer later of the skin.

EpigastricPertaining to above or upon the stomach.

ErythrocyteRed blood cell.

ExcisionProcess of cutting out; removal; resection.

Exocrine GlandsOrgans that secrete chemicals to the outside of the body.

GastrectomyRemoval or excision.

GastricPertaining to the stomach.

GastroenterologyStudy of the stomach and intestines.

GastrotomyIncision of the stomach.

GynecologistSpecialist in the study of disorders of the female reproductive system.

GynecologyStudy of the diseases of women, particularly those affecting the female reproductive system.

HematologyStudy of blood and blood disorders.

HematomaCollection or mass of blood.

HemoglobinBlood protein contained in red blood cells.

HepatitisInflammation of the liver.

HepatomaTumor of the liver; hepatocellular carcinoma.

HyperglycemiaHigh levels of sugar in the blood.

HyperthyroidismSecretion by thyroid gland of a greater than normal amount of thyroxine (thyroid hormone, or T4).

HypodermicPertaining to under the skin.

HypogastricPertaining to below the stomach.

HypoglycemiaToo little sugar in the blood.

IatrogenicPertaining to produced by a treatment or a procedure.

IncisionProcess of cutting into or making an incision.

LeukemiaDisease of high numbers of malignant (cancerous) white blood cells.

LeukocyteWhite blood cell.

LeukocytosisSlight increase in white blood cells.

NephrectomyRemoval of a kidney.

NephritisInflammation of a kidney.

NephrologyStudy of the kidneys and kidney disease.

NephrosisAbnormal condition of the kidney.

NeuralPertaining to nerves.

NeuralgiaPain of nerves.

NeurologicPertaining to the study of nerves.

NeurologyStudy of nerves and nerve disorders.

OncologistSpecialist in the study of tumors, particularly malignant growths.

OncologyStudy of tumors particularly malignant growths.

OphthalmologistSpecialist in the study of the eyes and eye disorders.

OphthalmoscopeInstrument used by an ophthalmologist to visually examine the eyes.

OsteitisInflammation of a bone.

OsteoarthritisInflammation of bones and joints; degeneration of bones and joints.

OsteotomyIncision of a bone.

PathogenicPertaining to producing disease.

PathologistA specialist in the study of disease.

PathologyStudy of disease.

PediatricPertaining to treatment of children.

PericardiumThe sac surrounding the heart.

PrognosisState of knowledge before the fact; prediction about the outcome of an illness.

Prostate GlandProduces semen, which contains fluid and sperm cells.

PsychiatristSpecialist in treatment of the mind.

PsychiatryTreatment of the mind.

PsychologyStudy of the mind.

RadiologyStudy of x-rays and related procedures for diagnosis.

RenalPertaining to the kidney.

ResectionRemoval or excision of an organ or part of the body.

RetrocardiacPertaining to behind the heart.

RhinitisInflammation of the nose.

SarcomaTumor (malignant) of flesh tissue such as bone, muscle, fat, and cartilage.

SubhepaticPertaining to below the liver.

ThrombocyteA clotting or platelet.

TranshepaticPertaining to across the liver.

UrologyStudy of the urinary tract.

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