Known marker | Cancers they’re associated with / may benefit from targeted therapy | Related treatment/response to treatment |
ALK[EB1]– anaplastic lymphoma kinase (*) | Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma Familial neuroblastoma (nerve cell) Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
| Crizotinib (Xalkori®) Pemetrexed (Alimta®)
|
AR– androgen receptor | Bladder Breast NSCLC Ovarian Prostate
| Abarelix (Plenaxis®) Bicalutamide (Casodex®) Flutamide (Eulexin®) Gonadorelin (Factrel®) Goserelin (Zoladex®) Leuprolide (Lupron®)
|
BRAF– v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 | Colon Lung Melanoma (skin) Nervous system Thyroid
| Cetuximab (Erbitux®) Panitumumab (Vectibix®) Vemurafenib (Zelboraf®)
|
BRCA1– breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 | | |
BRCA2– breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 | | |
c-Kit/CD117/SCFR – mast stem cell factor receptor (*) | | Imatinib (Gleevec®) Sorafenib (Nexavar®) Sunitinib (Sutent®)
|
c-MET/HGFR – mesenchymal epithelial transition factor/hepatocyte growth factor receptor | | Erlotinib (Tarceva®) Gefitinib (Iressa®)
|
COX-2/PTGS2 – cyclooxygenase-2/ prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 | | |
EGFR/ErbB-1/HER1 – epidermal growth factor receptor (*) | | Cetuximab (Erbitux®) Erlotinib (Tarceva®) Gefitinib (Iressa®) Panitumumab (Vectibix®)
|
ER– oestrogen receptor (*) | | Anastrazole (Arimidex®) Exemestane (Aromasin®) Fulvestrant (Faslodex®) Goserelin (Zoladex®) Letrozole (Femara®) Leuprolide (Eligard®, Lupron®, Viadur®) Medroxyprogesterone, (Provera®, Amen®, Curretab®, Cycrin®) Megestrol acetate (Megace®, Megace® ES) Tamoxifen (Nolvadex®) Toremifene (Fareston®)
|
ERCC1– excision repair cross-complementation group 1 | Bladder Colorectal Gastric Lung (NSCLC and SCLC) Ovarian
| |
HER2/HER2neu/ErbB-2 – human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (*) | Breast Colorectal Gastric Gastroesophageal Ovarian
| Doxorubicin (Adriamycin®, Rubex®) Epirubicin (Ellence®) Lapatinib (Tykerb®) Liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx®, Myocet®), Trastuzumab (Herceptin®)
|
KRAS– Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (*) | | Cetuximab (Erbitux®) Erlotinib (Tarceva®) Gefitinib (Iressa®) Panitumumab (Vectibix®)
|
MGMT– O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase | | |
MRP1– multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 | Breast Head and neck Lymphoma
| |
PGP– p-glycoprotein | Breast Head and neck Lymphoma Ovarian
| Resistant to doxorubicin (Adriamycin®), epirubicin (Ellence®), liposomal-doxorubicin (Doxil®), paclitaxel (Taxol®), docetaxel (Taxotere®), vinblastine (Velban®), vincristine (Oncovin®), vinorelbine (Navelbine®)
|
PIK3CAα– phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha | Breast Colorectal Gastric Glioblastoma Lung Ovarian
| Lapatinib (Tykerb®) Resistant to cetuximab (Erbitux®), panitumumab (Vectibix) Decreased response to trastuzumab (Herceptin®)
|
PR– progesterone receptor (*) | | Anastrozole (Arimidex®) Exemestane (Aromasin®) Foremifene (Fareston®) Fulvestrant (Faslodex®) Gonadorelin (Factrel®) Goserelin (Zoladex®) Letrozole (Femara®) Leuprolide (Eligard®, Lupron®, Viadur®) Medroxyprogesterone (Provera®, Amen®, Curretab®, Cycrin®) Megestrol acetate (Megace®, Megace® ES) Tamoxifen (Nolvadex®)
|
PTEN– phosphatase and tensin homolog | Breast Colon Glioblastoma Head and neck NSCLC
| Resistant to cetuximab (Erbitux®), erlotinib (Tarceva®), gefitinib (Iressa®), panitumumab (Vectibix®), trastuzumab (Herceptin®)
|
RRM1– ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 | | |
SPARC– secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine | Breast Gastric Head and neck Melanoma Pancreatic
| |
TLE3– transducin-like enhancer of split | | Docetaxel (Taxotere ®) Paclitaxel (Taxol®),
|
TOPO2α– topoisomerase IIα | Breast Colon SCLC Ovarian
| Doxorubicin (Adriamycin®) Epirubicin (Ellence®, Pharmorubucin®) Liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx®, Myocet®)
|
TS– thymidylate synthetase | Breast Colon Gastric Head and neck Liver NSCLC Pancreatic
| |
TUBB3– Class III -tubulin | | Docetaxel (Taxotere ®) Paclitaxel (Taxol®) Vinorelbine (Navelbine®)
|