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Plasmolysis to study the permeability of plasma membranes biology essay

Plasma membranes are bi-layered membranes made up of amphiphillic molecules ( holding charged polar caputs be givening to be hydrophillic and uncharged fatty acid dress suits be givening to be hydrophobic ) that selectively allow entryway of certain big molecules into the cell ‘ s cytosol and through which H2O and little non-polar molecules may freely spread. This experiment seeks to understand limited facets of the permeableness of the plasma membrane utilizing the Elodea foliage membrane as theoretical account being. Some of the factors upon which permeableness of the plasma membranes of biological beings depend are differences in pH on opposite sides of the membrane, temperature, osmolarity, look of certain membrane receptors and the concentration gradients of assorted molecules.

This experiment is really limited in range and seeks to reply merely the inquiry of what is the clip dependance for permeableness of glycerin through the cell membrane. Other experiments have answered many of our inquiries sing this and have resulted in mathematical equations depicting these consequences. This experiment will utilize one of the expression derived from these anterior experiments, the Ether: Water divider coefficient for alcoholsiii as a agency of speculating what the result of this present experiment will be.

I have hypothesized that within seconds of exposure to a 0. 3M ( molar ) hyper-tonic solution of glycerin, dissolved in an isosmotic deionized H2O ( dH2O ) /sucrose solution, the Elodea foliage will plasmolyze irreversibly-an premise I believe is supported by the fact that glycerin ‘ s quintessence: H2O divider coefficient is merely 0. 00066iii. Further support for this guess is the fact that glycerin has a comparatively bulky chemical structureviii-owing to it ‘ s three big, extremely polar hydroxyl groups-and a big molecular weight of 92. 0938 gms per mole. Alternatively, it may be hypothesized that the glycerol-being an aliphatic intoxicant ( see diagram in subdivision IV ( I ) infra ) which, itself makes up a portion of the plasma membranevi-will be capable of more easy spreading across the plasma membrane as compared to the saccharose, which can non spread across the membrane, in which instance non merely will at that place be no terrible plasmolysis but there may, alternatively, be a build up of turgor force per unit area inside the cell due to the inward motion of the intoxicant and its parturiency in the cardinal vacuole.

Methods

In order to detect what molar concentration of saccharose will be needed in an aqueous solution to make a solution that is isosmotic to the foliage ‘ s cytosol I shall execute a bifurcated experiment in which the first portion shall be to find this concentration. Part two of this experiment will be to find the period of clip it takes for glycerin to spread across the plasma membrane. In order to find which molar solution of saccharose is isosmotic to the cytosol of the Elodea cell I labeled 6 micro-centrifuge tubings with the markers: 0. 2M, 0. 3M, 0. 4M, 0. 5M, 0.

6M and “ isosmotic ” severally and utilizing an adjustable pipette placed 1000 I? L of premixed sucrose solution of each of the indicated molar concentrations into the several tubings. In each of these tubings I placed an Elodea foliage and allowed them to sit for about five proceedingss [ my observations of plasmolysis along with exposure of foliages in similar provinces to what I observed are provided in table 2 of the “ Table of observations of plasmolysis ” and photographs # 2- # 6 in the “ Photograph tabular array ” which can be found in subdivisions III ( A ) & A ; ( B ) severally. ]While expecting the foliages to complete soaking I viewed a dry mounted Elodea foliage under a microsocpe utilizing 20X and 40X aims with 10X eyepieces so as to hold a better thought of what a normal Elodea foliage looks like for comparing to the screening of the wet saddle horses [ exposure of a foliage in similar province to what I observed is provided as exposure # 1 in the “ Photograph tabular array ” of subdivision III ( B ) . ] I so labeled 6 microscope slides utilizing the same concentrations I used when labeling the micro-centrifuge tubings. After five proceedingss I prepared an single moisture saddle horse of an Elodea foliage by puting a foliage from a micro-centrifuge tubing onto a microscope slide, bearing its several molar concentration, with the upper surface of the foliage face up.

I placed a screen faux pas over the foliage and gently tapped the screen faux pas so as to sit it onto the slide and to take any extra solution. I so viewed the wet mount-searching for indicants of plasmolysis-under a microscope utilizing the same 20X and 40X nonsubjective lenses and the 10X optic lens I had viewed the dry saddle horse and recorded my observations so repeated this procedure for each of the foliages in the staying tubings. I was unable to obtain exposures of my observations but I have included exposures downloaded from the cyberspace which were similar to what I had observed and provided them in tabular arraies 1-6 of subdivision III ( B ) . Having established which molar concentration of sucrose solution was isosmotic with the cytosol of the cell ( see tabular array in subdivision III ( A ) ) I calculated the measures of saccharose, glycerin ( test solution ) and 1-Propanol ( antagonistic trial solution ) I would necessitate for the 2nd portion of this survey.

In those computations I used the informations presented in table 1 below. My computations are presented in the Table of Calculations, table 3 of subdivision III ( C ) infra. SolutionCondensed construction expressionPartition CoefficientMolecular Wt. SucroseOHCH2 [ CH ( OH ) ] 3CHOHCH2 [ CH ( OH ) ] 3COCH2OHN/A342. 3gGlycerolOHCH2CH ( OH ) CH2OH0.

0006692. 0938g1-PropanolCH3CH2CH2OH1. 960. 0950gTable 1: Molecular weights of chemical solutions used.

I plugged the consequences I obtained from table 3 into the expression C1 x V1 = C2 x V2 so that I may cipher the volumetric measure of each of these chemicals I would necessitate to add to each of my two 1 tens 103 I? L trial solutions, my computations for each may be found in Table 4 of subdivision III ( C ) . Using those computation I so added the measures of sucrose to each of the other two chemicals and subtracted the amount from the concluding volume of solution ( 1000 I? L ) I would be making so that I will cognize the volume of deionized H2O ( dH2O ) I would necessitate. Those computations are shown in table 5 of subdivision III ( C ) . Using these computations I so prepared 5 new micro-centrifuge tubings as follows: 3 tubings each incorporating a 1000 I? L isotonic ( 0. 4M ) sucrose solution ( one of which is to be used as a negative control ) ; the 4th incorporating an aqueous solution of isosmotic ( 0. 4M ) saccharose and 0. 3M glycerin mixtures ; and the fifth incorporating an aqueous solution of isosmotic ( 0.

4M ) saccharose and 0. 3M 1-Propanol mixtures ( counter control ) . I placed one Elodea foliage into each of the 3 isosmotic solutions and allowed them to soak for about five proceedingss. After five proceedingss I prepared a wet saddle horse of the first of the 3 foliages as antecedently described. After sing the first foliage ( the negative control ) I placed the 2nd foliage on a slide and added 2 beads of the 0.

3M glycerol/Sucrose solution to the slide so viewed and recorded my observations. I so prepared the 3rd foliage utilizing 2 beads of the 0. 3M glycerol/Sucrose solution and viewed to be certain I obtained the same consequence as the last slide so after about 30 seconds added 2 beads of 1-Propanol/Sucrose solution ( the counter trial solution ) to see if this would hold an consequence opposing that of the glycerol/Sucrose solution and recorded my observations which I describe following.

Consequences

A. Table of observations of Plasmolysis.

Table 2: Plasmolysis observations within five proceedingss of Elodeausing different sucrose solutions. Sucrose concentrationsPlasmolysis observed ( Y/N )Sucrose concentrationsPlasmolysis observed ( Y/N )0. 2MNitrogen0.

5MNitrogen0. 3MNitrogen0. 6MYttrium0. 4MNitrogenIsotonicNitrogen

B.

Photograph tabular arraies ( Photographs of Elodea leaves in assorted solutions ) :

1. Normal foliage( similar observation as anterior to puting in solution )2. Hypo-tonic solution( similar to observation as seen in & lt ; 0. 4M sucrose solutions )3. Isotonic solution( similar observation as in the “ isosmotic ” solution and the ~0. 4M-0.

5M sucrose solutions )4. Hyper-tonic solution( similar observation as seen in the 0. 6M sucrose solution )5. Plasmolysed foliage( similar observation as would hold been seen in hyper-tonic solutions )6. Plasmolysis & A ; Recovery( did non detect any recovery events but this is what I would besides hold been looking for had plasmolysis & A ; recovery taken topographic point )

C.

Tables of Calculations:

SucroseSum needed0. 4M342. 3g1. 0 L0. 13692gLitermole1000 milliliterGlycerolSum needed0. 3M92.

0938g1. 0 L0. 02763gLitermole1000 milliliter1-PropanolSum needed0. 3M60. 0950g1.

0 L0. 01802gLitermole1000 milliliterTable 3: Calculations for concentration of 0. 3M glycerol/Sucrose solution. Sum of saccharose needed:[ . 137g ] x V = 0.

4M x. 001 LV = ( . 0004g/L ) / ( 0. 137g ) = 0. 002919 L or 2. 91 x 103mLSum of glycerin needed:[ 0. 028g ] x V = 0. 3M x.

001 LV = ( . 0003g/L ) / ( 0. 028g ) = 0. 01071 L or 10.

7 x 103mLSum of 1-Propanol needed:[ 0. 018g ] x V = 0. 3M x. 001 LV = ( .

0003g/L ) / ( 0. 018g ) = . 01667 L or 16.

7 x 103mLTable 4: Calculations of volumetric measures of each chemical needed to do 1000 I? L of each solution. 2. 92 I? L sucrose+ 10.

7 I? L glycerin + x ( dH2O ) = 1000 I? L13. 62 I? L + x ( dH2O ) = 1000 I? Lten ( dH2O ) = 1000 I? L – 13. 62 I? Lten ( dH2O ) = 986. 38 I? L2. 92 I? Lsucrose + 16. 7 I? L 1-Propanol + x ( dH2O ) = 1000 I? L19. 62 I? L + x ( dH2O ) = 1000 I? Lten ( dH2O ) = 1000 I? L – 19.

62 I? Lten ( dH2O ) = 980. 38 I? LTable 5: Calculations of sums to add to each solution.

Discussion

At first sing I did non rather understand what was go oning as I had non antecedently seen an Elodea foliage that presented without its big cardinal vacuole Lashkar-e-Taiba entirely one that presented with chlorophyll throughout the full cytosolic infinite. Having consulted with my fellow research workers ( one of which obtained findings similar to mine in her experiment ) , none of whom had accounts for this consequence, I shall alternatively supply a sum-up of what I observed and what I had expected to detect. I had expected my first hypothesis to be borne out sing the outward motion of H2O across the membrane and toward the hyper-tonic glycerin solution supplying a sighting as in exposure 5, nevertheless what I discovered was an Elodea foliage demoing perfectly no mark of plasmolysis. Alternatively of the expected I saw what was a foliage that appeared to be in a province of iso-osmolarity with its environment which would hold been expected merely in an isosmotic solution as in exposure 3.

There, besides, was no turgor force per unit area as would hold been seen in exposure 2 had the alternate hypothesis of inward motion of glycerin across the plasma membrane been borne out. Finally, had there been a plasmolysed cell the add-on of the antagonistic trial solution of 1-propanol should hold caused recovery as seen in photograph 6 but being I was unable to obtain a plasmolysed cell I was besides unable to detect recovery of such cell. The consequences of this experiment has left me unable to either accept or reject either of the two hypotheses provided supra.

Diagrams:

i. Phospholipid bilayer: The undermentioned constructions and coefficient information was obtained from The Royal Society ( Publish ) of London.

two. Structure of glycerin: three. Structure of 1-Propanol:

Mentions cited:

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